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 ___ Neurological Disorders: Bipolar Disorder ___ |
Bipolar Disorder - Brain Regions and their Dysfunctions
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)"Reduced global cortical folding surface appears to be characteristic of patients with treatment-resistant depression, either unipolar or bipolar. In patients with bipolar disorder, treatment with lithium may modify cortical folding surface." S |
|
| Affected Region | Dysfunctions |
| Para-anterior Cingulate Cortex | Early neurodevelopmental anomaly of the ACC/PaC region S |
| Ventrolateral PFC | Manic patients had a significantly reduced VLPFC regulation of amygdala response during an emotion labeling task; reductions in inhibitory frontal activity may lead to an increased reactivity of the amygdala S |
| Hippocampus |
Patients treated with lithium exhibited significantly increased volumes of the
hippocampus compared with patients who were not taking lithium
S
NAA/Cr reduction might reflect neuronal dysfunction in the left hippocampus in patients with bipolar disorder S |
| Amygdala |
Patients treated with lithium exhibited significantly increased volumes of the amygdala
compared with patients who were not taking lithium
S |
| Anterior Cingulate Cortex | Early neurodevelopmental anomaly of the ACC/PaC region S |
| Nucleus accumbens | Larger right nucleus accumbens volumes; boys and girls with BPD may have differential patterns of neuropathology associated with disease expression S |
| Locus caeruleus | Less TH-IR and TPH-IR in the LC in depressed bipolar suicides, but not unipolar suicides, suggesting that both NE and 5-HT activity is lower in BD S |
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